Andreas Prilop
15 October 2012
د پښتو
الفبا |
The Pashto alphabet |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | حَرف | اشكـال | اِســـم | Name | Note | Unicode |
| 0 | ء | هَمزَه | hamzah | ar |
U+0621 | |
| ٔ | ـٔ | U+0654 | ||||
| 1 | ا | ا | الِف | alif | U+0627 | |
| 1a | آ | آ | الِفِ مَدّي | alif-i maddī | U+0622 | |
| 1b | أ | أ | الِفِ مَهموز | alif-i mahmūz | ar |
U+0623 |
| 2 | ب | ب ب ب | بې | bē | U+0628 | |
| 3 | پ | پ پ پ | پې | pē | fa |
U+067E |
| 4 | ت | ت ت ت | تې | tē | U+062A | |
| 5 | ټ | ټ ټ ټ | ټې | ṭē = t.ē | ps |
U+067C |
| 6 | ث | ث ث ث | ثې | sē = sē | ar |
U+062B |
| 7 | ج | ج ج ج | جيم | jīm | U+062C | |
| 8 | چ | چ چ چ | چې | čē = chē | fa |
U+0686 |
| 9 | ځ | ځ ځ ځ | ځې | dzē | ps |
U+0681 |
| 10 | څ | څ څ څ | څې | tsē | ps |
U+0685 |
| 11 | ح | ح ح ح | حای حُطي | Hā-yi HuTTī | ar |
U+062D |
| 12 | خ | خ خ خ | خې | xē = khē | U+062E | |
| 13 | د | د | دال | dāl | U+062F | |
| 14 | ډ | ډ | ډال | ḍāl = d.āl | ps |
U+0689 |
| 15 | ذ | ذ | ذال | zāl = zāl | ar |
U+0630 |
| 16 | ر | ر | رې | rē | U+0631 | |
| 17 | ړ | ړ | ړې | ṛē = r.ē | ps |
U+0693 |
| 18 | ز | ز | زې | zē | U+0632 | |
| 19 | ژ | ژ | ژې | žē = zhē | fa |
U+0698 |
| 20 | ږ | ږ | ږې | ž.ē | ğ′ē | ps |
U+0696 |
| 21 | س | س س س | سين | sīn | U+0633 | |
| 22 | ش | ش ش ش | شين | šīn = shīn | U+0634 | |
| 23 | ښ | ښ ښ ښ | ښين | š.īn | x′īn | ps |
U+069A |
| 24 | ص | ص ص ص | صاد | Sād | ar |
U+0635 |
| 25 | ض | ض ض ض | ضاد | Żād | ar |
U+0636 |
| 26 | ط | ط ط ط | طا ، طْوې | Tā, Twē | ar |
U+0637 |
| 27 | ظ | ظ ظ ظ | ظا ، ظْوې | Zā, Zwē | ar |
U+0638 |
| 28 | ع | ع ع ع | عَيْن | ‘ain = ‘ayn | ar |
U+0639 |
| 29 | غ | غ غ غ | غَيْن | ğain = ghayn | U+063A | |
| 30 | ف | ف ف ف | فې | fē | U+0641 | |
| 31 | ق | ق ق ق | قاف | qāf | U+0642 | |
| 32 | ك | ك ك ك | كاف | kāf | U+0643 | |
| 32a | ک | ک ک ک | کاف | kāf | fa |
U+06A9 |
| 33 | گ | گ گ گ | گاف | gāf | fa |
U+06AF |
| 33a | ګ | ګ ګ ګ | ګاف | gāf | ps |
U+06AB |
| 34 | ل | ل ل ل | لام | lām | U+0644 | |
| 34a | لا | لا | لام الِف | lām alif | ||
| 35 | م | م م م | ميم | mīm | U+0645 | |
| 36 | ن | ن ن ن | نون | nūn | U+0646 | |
| 36a | نړ | نړ | نون ړې | nūn ṛē = nūn r.ē | PK |
|
| 37 | ڼ | ڼ ڼ ڼ | ڼون ، ڼوڼ | ṇūn = n.ūn, n.ūn. | ps |
U+06BC |
| 38 | و | و | واو | wāw | U+0648 | |
| 38a | ؤ | ؤ | واوِ مَهموز | wāw-i mahmūz | ar |
U+0624 |
| 39 |
ه |
ه ه ه |
های هَوَّز ، های مُدَوَّر |
hā-yi
hawwaz, hā-yi mudawwar |
U+0647 |
|
| 39a | ۀ | ۀ | های مَهموز | hā-yi mahmūz | fa |
U+06C0 |
| 40 | ی | ی ی ی | يای مَعروف | yā-yi ma‘rūf | U+06CC | |
| 40a |
ي |
ي ي ي |
سَخته يې ، يای مَعروف |
saxtah yē, yā-yi ma‘rūf |
U+064A |
|
| 40b |
ې |
ې ې ې |
پَسته يې ، يای مَجهول |
pastah yē, yā-yi majhūl |
ps |
U+06D0 |
| 40c |
ئ |
ئ ئ ئ |
هَمزَه ؛ يای فِعلي |
hamzah; yā-yi fi‘lī |
U+0626 |
|
| 40d |
ۍ |
ۍ |
يای تانيث ، ښځينه يې |
yā-yi tānīs, š.ădzīnah yē |
ps |
U+06CD |
| 40e | ے | ے | يای مَقلوب | yā-yi maqlūb | PK |
U+06D2 |
| 40f |
ۓ |
ۓ |
يای مَقلوبِ مَهموز |
yā-yi maqlūb-i mahmūz |
PK |
U+06D3 |
The Pashto alphabet consists of 40 letters with the following additions:
Symbol 0, except on letter 9, denotes a glottal stop ‹’› or a shwa ‹ă›.
Letter 1a denotes ‹’ā›.
Letters 32a, 33a, 40a are glyph variants of letters 32, 33, 40.
Ligature 34a is sometimes regarded as one letter.
Digraph 36a is equivalent to letter 37.
Letter 40a denotes ‹ī›, which is known in Arabic.
Letter 40b denotes ‹ē›, which is unknown in Arabic.
Letter 40c denotes final ‹ăy› or medial ‹’›.
Letter 40d denotes final ‹ăy› in feminine nouns.
Letter 40e denotes final ‹ē› or final ‹ay›.
Letter 40f denotes final ‹ăy›.
Notes
ar Mainly in Arabic loanwords
fa Letter from the Persian (Farsi) alphabet
ps Pashto letter outside the Persian alphabet
PK Letter used in Peshawar, Pakistan
Further reading
Computer locale requirements for Afghanistan
Enabling Pakistani languages through Unicode [PDF]
Andreas Prilop
15 October 2012