Andreas Prilop
8 August 2013
Many mathematical (physical, chemical) formulas can be written
in plain HTML 4 without resorting to the Symbol font or to graphics.
The symbols below can be displayed on both Mac OS 9 and
MS Windows.
If possible, place the characters one after another rather than on top of each other.
For example, write 2⁄3 [two thirds],
A¯ [closure of A],
A° [interior of A],
(SO4)2− [sulfate ion].
You may want to read also a more
detailed discussion.
To change fonts quickly, choose among different style sheets in your browser:
| A few symbols used in mathematics and physics | |
|---|---|
| ¬ | not sign |
| ¯ | overline, macron |
| ˉ | small overline |
| ^ | circumflex |
| ˆ | small circumflex |
| ~ | tilde |
| ˜ | small tilde |
| ° | degree sign |
| ¹ | superscript 1 |
| ² | superscript 2 |
| ³ | superscript 3 |
| × | multiplication sign |
| ÷ | division sign |
| ± | plus-minus sign |
| − | minus sign |
| – | en dash |
| — | em dash |
| † | dagger |
| · | middle dot, centered period |
| · | middle dot, centered period (boldface) |
| • | bullet |
| … | ellipsis |
| ‰ | per mille sign, per thousand sign |
| ' | apostrophe (italics) |
| ′ | prime, minute |
| ″ | double prime, second |
| ⁄ | fraction slash |
| ← | leftwards arrow |
| ↑ | upwards arrow |
| → | rightwards arrow |
| ↓ | downwards arrow |
| ↔ | left right arrow |
| ↕ | up down arrow |
| √ | radical, square root |
| ∞ | infinity |
| ∩ | intersection |
| ∫ | integral |
| ⌠ ⌡ |
top half integral |
| bottom half integral | |
| ≈ | approximately equal to |
| ≠ | not equal to |
| ≡ | identical to |
| ≤ | less than or equal to |
| ≥ | greater than or equal to |
| ∂ | partial differential |
| ƒ | script f, f with hook |
| ∆ | difference, increment |
| Δ | Delta |
| µ | micro sign |
| μ | mu |
| ∏ | product |
| Π | Pi |
| ∑ | sum, summation |
| Σ | Sigma |
| Ω | ohm sign |
| Ω | Omega |
| More | … |
Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ
Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο Π
Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω
α β γ δ ε ζ η ϑ θ
ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π
ρ σ τ υ φ ϕ χ ψ ω
Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ
Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο Π
Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω
α β γ δ ε ζ η ϑ θ
ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π
ρ σ τ υ φ ϕ χ ψ ω
Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ
Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο Π
Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω
α β γ δ ε ζ η ϑ θ
ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π
ρ σ τ υ φ ϕ χ ψ ω
Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ζ Η Θ
Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν Ξ Ο Π
Ρ Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ Ψ Ω
α β γ δ ε ζ η ϑ θ
ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο π
ρ σ τ υ φ ϕ χ ψ ω
|r| =
√(x2 + y2 + z2)
|r| =
√(x2 + y2 + z2)
|r| = sqrt(x^2 + y^2 + z^2)
| lim n→∞ |
an |
| lim n→∞ |
an |
{ limit n -> infinity } a_n
| ∞ ∏ n = 0 |
an |
| ∞ ∏ n = 0 |
an |
{ product from n=0 to infinity } a_n
| ∞ ∑ n = 0 |
an |
| ∞ ∑ n = 0 |
an |
{ sum from n=0 to infinity } a_n
| ∆u = | n ∑ i = 1 |
∂2u/∂xi2 |
| ∆u = | n ∑ i = 1 |
∂2u/∂xi2 |
Laplacian of u = { sum from i=1 to n } d^2u / dx_i^2
| b ∫ a |
f(x) dx |
| b ∫ a |
f(x) dx |
| b ⌠ ⌡ a |
f(x) dx |
| b ⌠ ⌡ a |
f(x) dx |
{ integral from a to b } f(x) dx
| +∞ ∫ −∞ |
exp(−x²) dx | = √π |
| +∞ ∫ −∞ |
exp(−x²) dx | = √π |
{ integral from -infinity to +infinity } exp(-x^2) dx = sqrt pi
| √5 − 1 | = | 2 |
| —————— | —————— | |
| 2 | √5 + 1 |
(sqrt 5 - 1) / 2 = 2 / (sqrt 5 + 1)
Andreas Prilop
8 August 2013